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Description

The EM solver is capable of mimicking the  complex electrochemistry happening in the layers of lithium ion batteries via the introduction of a 'distributed Randles circuit' model in order to simulate the current flows and local heating of batteries under normal use or when experiencing short circuits. The current example features the fall of a sphere on a 10 cells battery provoking an internal short circuit. The layers of each cell are composed by tshell elements.

When using composite tshells elements the EM solver internally rebuilds the equivalent solid mesh and treats the problem as when using solid elements. The Randles circuit parameters are defined by the keyword *EM_RANDLES_LAYERED.

The layers of the unit cell are distinguished by the parameter 4 of the keyword *EM_ISOPOTENTIAL. The keyword *EM_ISOPOTENTIAL_CONNECT allows therefore the connection between the current collectors and the solid tabs.

The internal short circuit is managed by the keyword *EM_RANDLES_SHORT and the associated keywords *DEFINE_FUNCTION. The distance between some two nodes on current collectors decreases due to the shock of the ball, and when it reaches a choosen value the short circuit is triggered. The Randles circuit between the two nodes is replaced by a short resistance whose value is choosen in the keyword *DEFINE_FUNCTION. The method to create a short circuit is not unique.